Design Cloud
What are the detrimental effects of cutting vibration in CNC machining?
Release Date:
2024-02-27
Cutting vibration typically occurs during the turning of slender shafts and thin-walled components. When the vibration becomes severe, amplitudes exceeding several tens of micrometers are often accompanied by significant noise. During machining, vibrations can exceed 100 μm; while machining is still feasible under such conditions, noticeable vibration-induced marks will be left on the machined surface, which are unacceptable on finish-machined surfaces.
Cutting vibration typically occurs during the turning of slender shafts and thin-walled components. When the vibration becomes severe, amplitudes exceeding several tens of micrometers are often accompanied by significant noise. During machining, vibrations can exceed 100 μm; while machining is still feasible under such conditions, noticeable vibration-induced marks will be left on the machined surface, which are unacceptable on finish-machined surfaces.
Vibration generated during metal cutting is an undesirable phenomenon:
1. Impact on part surface quality: If vibration occurs during machining, relative displacement between the tool and workpiece will arise, resulting in vibration marks on the machined surface and severely compromising the surface quality and performance of the component.
2. Reduced tool and machine life: During cutting vibrations, the machining system is continuously subjected to dynamic alternating loads, leading to rapid tool wear (and even chipping), degradation of the machine tool’s connection characteristics, and, in severe cases, the inability to continue machining operations.
3. Noise Impairs Operator Health: Noise generated during vibration can also harm operators’ health. To reduce vibration, it is sometimes necessary to decrease the cutting parameters, thereby lowering the machining rate of the machine tool. Consequently, controlling cutting vibration has become increasingly important for ensuring the proper operation of such machining equipment.
Problems in CNC machine tool machining:
1. Non-standard computer programming: With the rapid advancement of computer technology, CNC machining is becoming increasingly intelligent. Today’s CNC machining operations are entirely dependent on computer-programmed instructions, which decompose the entire machining process into a series of discrete control steps. Computer programming is now widely used in every stage of CNC machining; however, this also gives rise to issues such as cumbersome and inefficient debugging procedures, as well as erroneous tool movements—such as empty travel or tool-path errors. The root cause of these problems lies in non-standard computer programming: poorly structured programs frequently generate errors during CNC machining, severely compromising machining efficiency.
2. Lack of robust, standardized industry regulations: In recent years, CNC machine tool machining technology and machining process systems have advanced rapidly; however, the machining industry still lacks comprehensive, well-defined standards to address the challenge of maintaining the required precision for CNC-machined components in the face of equipment wear and tear. Moreover, some operators lack a thorough understanding and mastery of CNC machining equipment, making it difficult for them to distinguish between fine and rough machining operations in terms of performance. This not only compromises the quality of machined parts but also reduces the overall machining efficiency of CNC machines.
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